At the General Hospital of Mexico 'Dr. Eduardo Liceaga', 6,500 evaluations were conducted using specialized ultrasound, where congenital defects were detected in 250 cases. Specialists highlighted the importance of prenatal check-ups and care during pregnancy, such as avoiding certain substances, maintaining a healthy diet, receiving recommended vaccinations, and consulting a doctor if certain symptoms occur.
Since 2015, the World Health Organization has established March 3rd as World Congenital Defects Day with the aim of raising awareness among the population and promoting actions for surveillance, prevention, and research on these diseases. Folic acid, essential for preventing congenital defects, also contributes to cell formation and strengthens the immune system.
Juan Carlos de León Carvajal, a doctor at the General Hospital of Mexico 'Dr. Eduardo Liceaga', emphasizes that early detection of these defects is crucial for adequate treatment, which may include fetal surgery, in-utero treatment, and specialized follow-up. He advises pregnant women to undergo an ultrasound in the first nine weeks of gestation to identify possible anomalies.
The consumption of 400 micrograms of folic acid daily is highlighted as fundamental not only during pregnancy but also as part of a balanced diet to strengthen cellular health and prevent diseases. Congenital defects can be caused by various genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, as well as infections during pregnancy.
Preconception consultation is key to identifying and managing diseases that may increase the risk of congenital defects, such as diabetes or certain infections. In Mexico, the most common anomalies include congenital heart defects, neural tube defects, cleft lip and palate, among others. They can be classified into four categories: malformations, deformations, dysplasias, and disruptions.
In weeks 11 to 13 of pregnancy, a medical evaluation allows for the detection of possible risks such as premature birth, preeclampsia, and congenital anomalies. Adequate prenatal attention is essential to ensure a healthy development of the embryo or fetus.
