Congenital defects are alterations that affect the structure and function of the embryo or fetus, which directly impacts their development and health. Among the most common congenital defects are congenital heart defects, neural tube defects, myelomeningocele, cleft lip and palate, genitourinary defects, and cryptorchidism. These problems are divided into malformations, deformations, dysplasias, and disruptions.
Early detection of congenital defects is crucial for implementing appropriate treatments, such as fetal surgery, in-utero treatments, and specialized follow-up. Pregnant women are advised to have preconception consultations or, if possible, visit a doctor in the first nine weeks of pregnancy for an ultrasound. Between weeks 11 and 13 of pregnancy, a medical review is vital to detect possible risks such as premature birth, preeclampsia, and congenital anomalies.
In 2024, the General Hospital of Mexico reported more than 6,500 evaluations with specialized ultrasound, detecting congenital defects in 250 cases. According to Juan Carlos de León Carvajal, a physician at the Gynecology and Obstetrics Service of the same hospital, the daily intake of 400 micrograms of folic acid is key to preventing congenital defects. Folic acid, found in foods such as leafy green vegetables, legumes, fruits, and beef and chicken liver, plays a fundamental role in cell division and tissue growth.
The World Health Organization commemorates World Congenital Defects Day every March 3rd to raise awareness and promote surveillance, prevention, and research actions regarding these disorders. It is essential for the population to take preventive measures and undergo medical check-ups to improve fetal health and minimize the risks of congenital defects.
Remember that prevention and early detection can make a significant difference in your baby's health. Congenital defects can arise due to a combination of genetic, environmental, socioeconomic, and demographic factors, as well as infections that occur during pregnancy. According to Javier Ortiz Betancourt, a physician at the Maternal Fetal Medicine Service of the General Hospital of Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga," it is essential to take preventive measures and have medical follow-ups to ensure healthy fetal development.
