Public health in Mexico currently faces significant challenges due to global transformations and local issues affecting the well-being of the population. One of the most urgent issues is the inequality in access to health services, which negatively impacts vulnerable and minority populations, related to socio-economic, geographic, and cultural factors.
On one hand, communicable and emerging diseases represent a challenge for the health care system in Mexico, especially in a context of globalization, urbanization, and climate change. Significant geographic disparities are also observed, such as higher maternal mortality in southern states compared to the north, which reflects access barriers in less developed federal entities compared to more prosperous urban areas.
Despite efforts to expand coverage, about 18.7% of Mexicans still lack regular access to health services. The shortage of doctors per 1000 inhabitants, as well as the disparity in resource distribution, contributes to inequity in health care. The epidemiological transition towards chronic diseases poses new challenges, such as the growing demand for long-term care services and higher health expenditures.
Another crucial aspect is the need to strengthen prenatal care and access to contraceptive methods in marginalized regions to reduce high maternal mortality rates. The implementation of vaccination programs and the promotion of healthy lifestyles are key to addressing issues such as childhood obesity and non-communicable chronic diseases.
Regarding the health system, greater public investment is required to improve infrastructure, acquire modern medical technology, and train health personnel. The review and optimization of resource management, as well as the supervision of service quality, are necessary actions to ensure equitable and quality access to medical care throughout Mexico.
